Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Injection site dictates the immune response to a biodegradable polymer and corresponding collagen regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.04.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: ID tissue exhibits higher densities of fibroblasts, macrophages, and microvessels compared to SC tissue. Immunofluorescence analysis comparing the expression of Vimentin (a fibroblast marker), CD68 (a macrophage marker), and CD31 (an endothelial cell marker) in ID and SC tissues. For each group, n = 3; data represent mean ± s.d.; ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: After antigen retrieval and blocking, sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies targeting vimentin, CD68 (ABclonal, A20803), CD31 (R&D SYSTEMS, AF3628), HMGB1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 3935), HSP70 (ABclonal, A23457), NF-κB p65 (ABclonal, A19653), CD206 (Cell Signaling Technology, 24595), and FAPα (ABclonal, A23789 ).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Marker

Journal: The Journal of General Physiology

Article Title: Beat-locked ATP microdomains in the sinoatrial node map a Ca 2+ -timed energetic hierarchy and regional pacemaker roles

doi: 10.1085/jgp.202513874

Figure Lengend Snippet: Superior SA node myocytes exhibit elevated diastolic ATP and metabolic flux compared with the inferior region. (A) 3D segmented maximum-intensity projection of a whole-mount SA node immunolabeled for CD31 (vasculature, red) and cyto-iATP (myocytes, green). The dashed line denotes the boundary between superior and inferior regions. (B) Image-processing workflow illustrating merged maximum-intensity projections, binary segmentation masks, and extraction of grayscale cyto-iATP signals used for quantitative analysis. (C) Mean cyto-iATP fluorescence intensity per myocyte, grouped by region ( N = 5 mice per region), reporting expression levels of the EGFP-tagged cyto-iATP sensor. (D) Live confocal imaging of cyto-iATP signals showing representative line-scan images and corresponding normalized fluorescence traces (F/F 0 ) from superior and inferior regions. (E and F) Summary quantification of cyto-iATP signal mass rate (E) and estimated diastolic [ATP] i (F). P values are shown above comparisons. Large circles denote per-animal means; small circles indicate individual biological replicates. N represents the number of independent mice.

Article Snippet: For immunolabeling, SA nodes were incubated for 48 h at 4°C with a goat anti-mouse CD31 primary antibody (1:50, AF3628; R&D Systems).

Techniques: Immunolabeling, Extraction, Fluorescence, Expressing, Imaging

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A large puncture closer of aortic wall by multi-memory actions with thrombo-hemodynamic control

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.042

Figure Lengend Snippet: Suturing-equivalent efficiency of VWP on 30 days puncture closure in porcine aortic wall. a, a, Suturing is considered as a user-controlled means to close vascular wall punctures. Hence, VWP is compared with suturing by creating two wall punctures (18 Fr: 6 mm) next to each other in the same thoracic aorta of each pig as illustrated. After assessing hemostasis time on day 0, the patency (angiography), wall stenosis (histology), and reendothelialization (IHC) are evaluated on day 30, since bleeding and pseudoaneurysm occur immediately, while stenosis, vascular injury and ischemia are clinically observed within one month post closure. b, The status of suturing and VWP deployment is photographically confirmed upon closing the sequential punctures in the porcine aortic wall. c , When hemostasis time is assessed on day 0 using i) visual scoring and ii) determining the time to arterial pressure equilibration, VWP demonstrates the suturing-equivalent results. d, On day 30, angiography shows that VWP manages i) the patency of blood flow and ii) the aortic diameter as non-stenotic indications, which are not significantly different from those of suturing. e , The two closure sites of suture and VWP are visualized in the photos after harvesting the aorta on day 30. Both groups exhibit no significant indications of stenotic wall remodeling in the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images. This is further supported by normal collagen and elastin features in Verhoeff–Van Gieson (VVG) staining in addition to re-endothelialization by CD31 immunohistochemistry with no significant difference in the neointimal area. Likewise, the adventitia of both samples exhibits the features of microvessel (vasa vasorum) formation as indicated by sporadic CD31-positive spots. In association, VWP induces regenerative M2 polarization with ARG-1 expression upon significantly more invasion of macrophages (CD68-positive) into adventitia compared to Suture. Hence, VWP supports regeneration of vascular wall from intima to adventitia despite bulky tissue formation. [Scale bars = 5 mm (gross and H&E), 1 mm (Magnified H&E and VVG stain) and 0.2 mm (CD31)]. Data are shown as mean ± SD, N = 3 biological replicates.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against CD41 (1:100, 24552-1-AP, proteintech), fibrinogen (1:100, ab232793, Abcam), CD31 (1:100, sc-376764, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), CD68 (1:100, ab125212, Abcam), and ARG-1 (1:200, LS-C447907, LSBio) were applied overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemistry, Expressing